Type 2 Diabetes Dominates in Tunisia with 90% Prevalence

According to Dr. Fatma Chakir, an endocrinologist and diabetes specialist at the Ribat Hospital, type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases in Tunisia, making it a significant health concern. This prevalence highlights the need for awareness and preventive measures against the disease. Dr. Chakir emphasized that type 2 diabetes is a silent disease that can develop without noticeable symptoms, making regular check-ups crucial for early detection.

A 2019 study by the Tunisian Association for Studies and Research on Atherosclerosis found that 23% of Tunisians aged 40-70 have type 2 diabetes. Alarmingly, 6% of study participants were unaware they had the disease. Dr. Chakir noted that type 1 diabetes, though less prevalent, affects younger individuals and can appear in infants, children, and adolescents due to their bodies' inability to produce insulin.

Type 1 diabetes symptoms include intense thirst, fatigue, weakness, and frequent urination. Dr. Chakir stresses that prompt medical attention is essential upon experiencing these symptoms to prevent complications. In contrast, type 2 diabetes primarily affects individuals over 40, especially those with risk factors such as obesity, a family history of diabetes, or other health conditions like high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

Lifestyle changes and dietary habits are significant contributors to the spread of diabetes in Tunisia. The increasing consumption of processed and packaged foods high in sugar, combined with a decline in a balanced diet, has played a major role. Dr. Chakir advocates for a balanced diet that includes a variety of dairy products, grains, vegetables, and fruits, following the principles of the Mediterranean diet.

Dr. Chakir also highlights the importance of physical activity in preventing diabetes. She advises individuals, especially those with a genetic predisposition or obesity, to adopt a healthy lifestyle and engage in regular physical activity to reduce their risk. The accumulation of abdominal fat, or central obesity, is a significant risk factor for developing diabetes, particularly in the absence of physical activity.

The World Diabetes Day, observed on November 14, serves as a reminder of the need for awareness and action against diabetes. Dr. Chakir's statements underscore the importance of education, early detection, and preventive measures in combating the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Tunisia. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, individuals can reduce their chances of developing the disease.

As Tunisia continues to grapple with the challenges of diabetes, Dr. Chakir's recommendations offer a clear path forward. By adopting healthier lifestyles, being aware of the risks, and seeking medical attention when necessary, Tunisians can work towards reducing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and improving overall health outcomes.

Key points

• Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of diabetes cases in Tunisia.
• Lifestyle changes and dietary habits contribute significantly to the spread of diabetes.
• Awareness, early detection, and preventive measures are crucial in combating the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes.