Somalia's fishing industry is significantly underdeveloped, operating at only 5% of its estimated annual capacity. The country produces approximately 30,000 tonnes of fish per year, whereas its estimated marine fishery production capacity stands at 600,000 tonnes. This substantial gap, of nearly 570,000 tonnes per year, highlights the immense potential for growth and development in the sector. According to Abdi Dirshe, director general of Somalia's Ministry of Fisheries and Blue Economy, the industry could generate substantial revenue and create numerous jobs if properly developed.
The Somali fishing industry faces several challenges that have restricted its development. The country's 3,333 kilometres of coastline offer vast opportunities, but inadequate fishing equipment, limited processing and storage facilities, and security concerns have hindered growth. To expand production, investment in essential infrastructure is required, including fishing vessels, equipment, landing sites, cold storage, processing plants, and export infrastructure. This investment would enable the industry to reach its full potential and contribute significantly to Somalia's economy.
The Somali government has introduced various measures to encourage investment in the fishing industry. These include an Investment Law, a public-private partnership policy, a Fisheries Law, and food safety regulations. The government's National Transformation Plan 2025–2029 prioritises private investment, market development, and public-private partnerships in the sector. Local companies have begun investing in fish processing and boatbuilding, with projects aimed at creating jobs and developing technical skills among young Somalis.
Exporting fish products presents a significant opportunity for Somalia's fishing industry, but it also poses challenges. Engineer Ali Ibrahim Siyad, chairman of the Somali Fish Exporters Association, emphasised the importance of quality assurance and seafood certification for gaining access to international markets. Potential destinations for Somali fish exports include the United States, China, the Middle East, and East African countries. However, exporters face difficulties meeting international market requirements due to limited infrastructure and equipment.
Security concerns remain a significant obstacle to the development of Somalia's fishing industry. Fisheries expert Omar Abdulle Hayle noted that security is the primary consideration for investors seeking to protect their personnel and assets. The industry continues to operate with limited capacity to protect marine resources, which is an essential aspect of sustainable development. Experts stress the need for transparent management and stronger marine environmental protection alongside efforts to increase production.
Developing Somalia's fishing industry could have substantial economic benefits. According to Abdi Dirshe, the sector could generate between $1.8 billion and $3 billion in annual revenue and create more than 210,000 jobs if its resources were properly developed. These figures represent potential economic returns rather than existing industry revenue or employment. Realising this potential would require significant investment and development of the industry's infrastructure and capacity.
The Somali government and international partners are working to address the challenges facing the fishing industry. By investing in infrastructure, improving security, and implementing effective regulations, Somalia can unlock the potential of its fishing industry and reap significant economic benefits. The development of the industry also requires cooperation and coordination among various stakeholders, including government agencies, private investors, and local communities.
Key points
- Somalia's fishing industry operates at just 5% of its estimated annual capacity, producing 30,000 tonnes of fish per year.
- The industry could generate between $1.8 billion and $3 billion in annual revenue and create more than 210,000 jobs if developed.
- Security concerns and limited infrastructure remain significant obstacles to the development of Somalia's fishing industry.
