Nipple Changes Can Signal Breast Cancer, Warns Oncologist

Prof Nicholas Othieno-Abinya, a consultant medical oncologist at Nairobi Hospital, says that while a lump is a common indicator of breast cancer, changes in the nipples can also be a warning sign. According to him, nipples are supposed to protrude, and if they start sinking inwards, it could indicate a problem, including bleeding or discharge from the nipple. While this may not necessarily be cancer, it must be checked.

Prof Abinya shared a case of a patient who first noticed a pimple on her breast, which she initially ignored. However, when her nipples changed direction and started facing upwards, a gynaecologist referred her to Prof Abinya. By then, the nipples had retracted, and a mass on her left breast measured two by three centimetres, which was a T4 tumour that had grown beyond its original site and reached adjacent tissue.

Another way nipples can warn of cancer is if they develop an ulcer. Prof Abinya explains that an ulcer starts like a small pimple and then breaks down. If one notices an ulcer on their nipple, they should check with a doctor, as it may not heal. He shared a case of a patient who had an ulcer on her right nipple for three years, which she attributed to suction from breastfeeding. Tests revealed cancer cells inside her milk ducts that had not spread elsewhere.

Changes in nipple color or texture can also foreshadow a cancer diagnosis. Prof Abinya warns that if the breast skin starts dimpling like the back of an orange, it can be a sign of trouble. Skin changes usually indicate an internal problem, and in most cases, it's cancer. However, he cautions women not to panic if they notice strange behavior with their nipples, as infections can also be at play.

Prof Abinya emphasizes that changes in nipple behavior do not always indicate advanced cancer. He explains that cancer can start in the region of the nipple, just below it, and cause problems before advancing. Gynaecologists are often the first line of defense in women's health, and they tend to be alerted about changes in women's bodies.

Prof Abinya stresses the importance of regular testing and notes that breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. If diagnosed early, it is curable in a significant percentage, close to 100%. However, if diagnosed when it has already advanced and metastasized, chances of cure are close to zero.

In conclusion, Prof Abinya urges women to seek medical attention if they notice any unusual changes in their nipples. He emphasizes that breast cancer is one of the easiest to treat if diagnosed early. With over 90% cure rate if detected early, women should prioritize regular testing and check-ups to ensure their breast health.

Key points

• Changes in nipple direction, feel, or color can be warning signs of breast cancer.
• Breast cancer is curable in over 90% of cases if diagnosed early.
• Regular testing and check-ups are crucial for breast health.