On Sunday, November 1, 2026, Niger signed a protocol agreement for strategic cooperation with authorities in eastern Libya. The agreement was reached during a visit by Nigerien Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Amin Zen to Benghazi, leading a high-level political and military delegation. The eastern Libyan side was represented by Field Marshal Sadam Hifter, deputy commander of the General Command, and Osama Hamad, head of the government appointed by the House of Representatives.
The Nigerien delegation included General Maman Sani Kiaou, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, along with senior officers and officials. The content of the protocol and its details were not disclosed, with both sides only stating that it aims to expand cooperation in various fields. The agreement was signed in the presence of key officials from both countries, highlighting the importance of this development in their bilateral relations.
The signing of the protocol comes amid heightened tensions in the border region. Just days prior, an Algerian military convoy arrived in the Arlit area of northwestern Niger, marking the first time Algerian forces have been deployed outside their borders in decades. Reports indicate that forces under Hifter's command have reinforced their presence in the border triangle of El-Salvador, between Libya, Algeria, and Niger.
The move is seen as an effort to secure the region and combat armed groups and smuggling networks. Relations between Niamey and eastern Libya's command have been developing since the July 2023 coup in Niger that ousted President Mohamed Bazoum. The two sides have exchanged visits since 2024, although the internationally-recognized government remains in Tripoli.
The protocol's specifics, including its scope and obligations, have not been made public. Nigerien Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Amin Zen stated that the agreement aims to expand bilateral cooperation, with a focus on implementing the commitments made. Meanwhile, Sadam Hifter praised the historical and cultural ties between the two nations and conveyed greetings from Marshal Khalifa Hifter to Niger's transitional leader, General Abdourahamane Tiani.
Both parties emphasized the importance of continued consultation and regular coordination. The development has not been commented on by Tripoli or Algiers. This new agreement highlights the evolving geopolitical dynamics in the Sahel and North Africa regions, with various actors seeking to strengthen their positions and alliances.
The strategic cooperation protocol between Niger and eastern Libya may have significant implications for regional security and stability. As details emerge, it will be crucial to monitor how this agreement affects the broader geopolitical landscape and the relationships between key actors in the region.
Key points
- The agreement was signed in Benghazi on November 1, 2026.
- The Nigerien delegation was led by Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Amin Zen and included General Maman Sani Kiaou, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces.
- The protocol's specifics, including its scope and obligations, have not been made public.
