The Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet) has warned that El Niño conditions could lead to prolonged dry spells and below-normal rainfall in Ghana, potentially affecting agricultural production and food security. El Niño is a naturally occurring climate pattern that influences rainfall and temperature patterns worldwide. Deputy Director of Research and Applied Meteorology at GMet, Francisca Martey, stated that the country should expect warmer days and reduced rainfall in the coming months.
According to Martey, the effects of El Niño are already being experienced, with much of the country recording relatively dry conditions and limited rainfall since September. GMet's September-October-November seasonal forecast had anticipated below-normal rainfall across most parts of the country, alongside above-normal temperatures and extended dry spells. Martey stated that the conditions are expected to persist into the December-January-February period, coinciding with the Harmattan season.
Martey warned that the northern parts of the country could face more severe consequences due to their greater vulnerability to El Niño-related rainfall deficits and their importance to Ghana's food production. She cautioned that prolonged dry conditions could affect water availability for farming, particularly as stored rainwater in some communities and farming areas gradually dries up.
To mitigate the potential impact on agriculture, Martey urged farmers to adopt climate-smart practices, particularly mulching, to help conserve soil moisture. She also advised farmers to remain vigilant against crop pests and diseases that could become a challenge under the prevailing weather conditions.
Beyond agriculture, Martey warned that reduced rainfall across parts of West Africa could affect water resources shared by Ghana and neighbouring countries. She noted that lower rainfall in the region could have implications for the Volta River system and water availability. Reduced inflows into the Akosombo Dam could also affect hydroelectric power generation.
GMet is engaging stakeholders in agriculture, health, and water resources management, as well as the general public, to raise awareness and strengthen preparedness. Martey urged Ghanaians to take precautions against the expected hot and dusty conditions, including staying hydrated and protecting themselves from dust.
The Ghana Meteorological Agency is working to raise awareness and strengthen preparedness for the potential impacts of El Niño. Martey's warnings highlight the need for farmers, policymakers, and the general public to take proactive measures to mitigate the effects of the weather phenomenon on food production, water resources, and overall national development.
Key points
- El Niño conditions threaten Ghana's food production and water resources.
- Prolonged dry spells and below-normal rainfall are expected to persist into the December-January-February period.
- Climate-smart practices, such as mulching, are urged to help conserve soil moisture and mitigate the impact on agriculture.
