Smartphones and social media have become integral to daily life in South Africa, but health experts are raising concerns about the growing problem of digital addiction and its impact on mental well-being. Research from South Africa and abroad suggests that excessive use of smartphones and social media can contribute to anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances and reduced concentration. This has led to a growing concern about the potential health risks associated with excessive online activity.
A 2025 study conducted at Nelson Mandela University found that 55% of surveyed students displayed signs of problematic smartphone use, while 38% showed indicators of problematic social media use. The study, titled "Exploring the prevalence of problematic smartphone use and problematic social media use among students at a South African University," warned that excessive screen time and constant online engagement could negatively affect academic performance and overall well-being.
The concern about digital addiction extends beyond university campuses. Another study, "Social media, sleep difficulties and depressive symptoms: A case study of South African youth in Cape Town," involving young people in the Western Cape, found a positive relationship between social media addiction, sleep difficulties and depressive symptoms. This highlights the potential health risks associated with excessive online activity among South African youth.
Health professionals are particularly concerned about features such as ‘doom/infinite scrolling’, which are designed to keep users engaged for extended periods. Emerging research suggests that these design features can encourage mindless content consumption, making it more difficult for users to disengage and maintain focus on real-world tasks.
International studies have also linked problematic social media use to higher levels of anxiety and depression, although experts caution that the relationship is complex and varies from person to person. Mental health practitioners advise users to establish screen-free periods, disable non-essential notifications and prioritise face-to-face interactions.
As digital technologies continue to evolve, experts say developing healthier online habits may be essential to protecting both mental health and meaningful human connection. Individuals and organisations are calling for a more conscious approach to screen time and online engagement. Some have shared their personal experiences and tips for managing screen time and social media use.
Experts and individuals agree that regaining control over screens and social media use requires conscious effort and self-awareness. By being more intentional about how and when we engage with digital technologies, South Africans can work towards a healthier relationship with their screens and mitigate the potential negative effects of digital addiction.
Key points
- Research suggests 55% of South African university students display signs of problematic smartphone use.
- Excessive social media use is linked to anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances among South Africans.
- Experts recommend establishing screen-free periods and prioritising face-to-face interactions to mitigate digital addiction.
