A recent University of Cambridge study has found that two Boko Haram offshoots, the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) and Jama’at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da’wah wa’l-Jihad (JAS), utilized artificial-intelligence chatbots for military and technical assistance in 2024. The research, based on interviews with 27 former fighters in northeast Nigeria during 2025-2026, sheds light on the groups' AI use. The study reveals that the factions set up dedicated teams with technical specialists and senior commanders trained to operate various chatbots.
The interviewees reported that the chatbots, including ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, Meta AI, and DeepSeek, provided tailored guidance and answered specific operational queries. According to a former ISWAP commander, the technology provided an answer to every question they raised. The bots helped the fighters detail available equipment, pose follow-up questions, and receive guidance. This enabled them to make informed decisions and improve their operations.
The AI tools were used for battlefield analysis, interpreting unfamiliar weapons, and assessing tactics after failed operations. Around ten interviewees discussed using the technology to improve explosive devices and deal with unexploded ordnance. The study notes that ISWAP operatives provided training on bypassing AI safeguards that block dangerous requests, facilitating broader misuse of the chatbots.
The findings have raised international alarm over extremist AI adoption. Global authorities warn that terrorist groups are increasingly exploiting AI for propaganda, recruitment, and operational planning. The United Nations has highlighted the growing use of emerging technologies by violent extremist organisations, stressing the security implications.
Cambridge researcher Antonia Juelich cautioned that the accounts relate to 2024, when AI capabilities were less advanced than today, raising concerns about future misuse. The study's results underscore the need for increased vigilance and regulation of AI technologies to prevent their exploitation by extremist groups.
The use of AI chatbots by Boko Haram factions highlights the evolving nature of terrorist tactics and the challenges faced by security agencies. The study's authors emphasize the importance of understanding the intersection of technology and terrorism to develop effective counter-measures.
The research has significant implications for global security, emphasizing the need for international cooperation to address the misuse of AI technologies. As AI capabilities continue to advance, the potential for extremist groups to exploit these technologies poses a growing concern.
Key points
- Boko Haram offshoots used AI chatbots for military and technical assistance in 2024.
- The AI tools were used for battlefield analysis, explosives, and operational planning.
- Global authorities warn of increasing AI exploitation by terrorist groups, raising security concerns.
