The rapid growth of satellite constellations and direct-to-device technology is blurring the boundary between terrestrial and space-based communications networks in Africa. This shift has led regulators to focus on coordinating spectrum use across various networks. The Africa Space Expo in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, recently hosted a Radiocommunications Forum, where participants emphasized the need for joint deployment of terrestrial and satellite networks and frequency management across the West African sub-region.
The forum highlighted the challenges of managing radio spectrum, a finite resource used for wireless communications, ranging from mobile networks to satellite links. Governments have traditionally allocated specific bands to different services to prevent interference. However, with the expansion of satellite constellations and emerging technologies like direct-to-device communication, regulators must reassess their approach to spectrum management.
The International Telecommunication Union expects these technologies to contribute to the emergence of a more integrated connectivity system linking terrestrial and space networks by 2030. This development raises a central regulatory question: how should authorities manage frequencies when networks that previously operated separately begin sharing spectrum resources or functioning together? The ITU will provide further clarification on international rules governing these interactions at the next World Radiocommunication Conference in 2027.
The GSMA, which represents mobile operators and the broader mobile ecosystem, has highlighted the shift towards network convergence. The industry group sees direct-to-device services using terrestrial mobile frequencies as a new area of regulation, while protecting existing mobile networks from interference remains a major concern. The GSMA believes that satellite connectivity will primarily complement existing mobile coverage, particularly in rural areas or locations that are difficult to serve.
Satellite links generally offer lower capacity than terrestrial mobile networks, limiting their ability to function as a full substitute. Network convergence extends beyond space-based communications, with regulators facing growing spectrum demand from mobile operators, Wi-Fi networks, fixed wireless systems, and other wireless services. The 6 GHz band illustrates the challenge, with different regions adopting different regulatory approaches over whether the band should primarily support Wi-Fi services or future mobile networks.
The choices made in spectrum management will have significant implications for the future of connectivity in Africa. Regulators must balance competing demands for spectrum while ensuring that the needs of various stakeholders are met. The Africa Space Expo and Radiocommunications Forum have provided a platform for stakeholders to discuss these issues and explore solutions.
As the continent prepares for 5G and future generations of mobile technology, effective spectrum management will be crucial. The convergence of terrestrial and satellite networks presents both opportunities and challenges, and regulators must navigate these complexities to ensure that the benefits of connectivity are realized. The GSMA and ITU will continue to play important roles in shaping the regulatory framework for network convergence.
Key points
- African regulators face mounting pressure to coordinate spectrum use across mobile, satellite, Wi-Fi and fixed networks while preparing for 5G and future generations of connectivity.
- The International Telecommunication Union expects these technologies to contribute to the emergence of a more integrated connectivity system linking terrestrial and space networks by 2030.
- Effective spectrum management will be crucial as the continent prepares for 5G and future generations of mobile technology.
