US sanctions weigh heavily on International Criminal Court judge Reine Alapini-Gansou

The Second Vice-President of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Reine Alapini-Gansou, testified before the French National Assembly on September 23, 2026, about the far-reaching consequences of US sanctions imposed on her since June 2025. As a prominent Beninese jurist and magistrate, she expressed her concerns about the effects of these sanctions on her daily life and the independence of the ICC. Alapini-Gansou's testimony highlighted the challenges faced by the ICC in maintaining its impartiality and effectiveness in the face of international pressure.

The US sanctions against Alapini-Gansou were announced on June 5, 2025, as part of a broader set of measures targeting four ICC magistrates. These sanctions were imposed in the context of the ICC's investigations into alleged war crimes committed by high-ranking officials, including Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant. The sanctions have resulted in significant restrictions on Alapini-Gansou's personal and professional life, including limitations on her use of credit cards and complications with international travel.

In addition to the US sanctions, Alapini-Gansou has also faced a Russian court ruling condemning her in absentia on December 12, 2025. This ruling was part of a broader crackdown by Russian authorities on ICC officials, following the court's issuance of an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin in March 2023. Alapini-Gansou emphasized that these sanctions and court rulings not only affect her personally but also undermine the ICC's ability to carry out its mandate.

Alapini-Gansou called on States Parties to the Rome Statute to provide concrete support to the ICC, ensuring its continued independence and effectiveness. She stressed that verbal support is insufficient and that tangible measures are needed to protect the ICC and its officials from undue pressure and interference. The judge emphasized her commitment to upholding the ICC's principles and continuing her work, despite the challenges posed by these sanctions and court rulings.

The impact of US sanctions on ICC officials is not limited to Alapini-Gansou. According to her testimony, nine out of 18 ICC judges are now subject to US sanctions. This development has significant implications for the ICC's ability to function independently and impartially. Alapini-Gansou's case highlights the need for States Parties to take a strong stance in support of the ICC and its officials, ensuring that they can carry out their duties without fear of reprisal or undue influence.

Alapini-Gansou's testimony before the French National Assembly took place against the backdrop of a broader debate about the ICC's role and legitimacy. US President Donald Trump has repeatedly criticized the ICC, calling for States to withdraw from the Rome Statute. In contrast, Alapini-Gansou emphasized the importance of international cooperation and the need for States to support the ICC in its efforts to uphold human rights and accountability.

The French National Assembly's invitation to Alapini-Gansou to testify reflects the country's commitment to supporting the ICC and upholding international law. The Assembly's engagement with the ICC and its officials highlights the importance of continued dialogue and cooperation between governments, international institutions, and civil society in promoting human rights and the rule of law.

Key points

• US sanctions imposed on ICC judge Reine Alapini-Gansou have significantly impacted her life and work.
• The sanctions have restricted Alapini-Gansou's personal and professional life, including her use of credit cards and international travel.
• Alapini-Gansou has called on States Parties to provide concrete support to the ICC, ensuring its continued independence and effectiveness.