Uganda has initiated the withdrawal of its troops from Somalia, marking the end of nearly two decades of military involvement. Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba, Uganda's Chief of Defence Forces, announced the start of the withdrawal on October 29, stating that the country is handing over security responsibilities to Somali forces. This development comes as the African Union's security mission faces growing financial and logistical challenges.
The withdrawal is a significant change in the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), which has been supporting Somali security forces, protecting civilians, and facilitating the transfer of security responsibilities to national institutions. Uganda was the first country to deploy troops to Somalia under the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in 2007 and has maintained one of the largest military contingents in the country.
The financial difficulties facing AUSSOM have raised concerns about its sustainability, as the mission relies heavily on international assistance for essential logistical support. The United Nations Support Office in Somalia has reduced funding by 25%, and there is uncertainty over continued U.S. support for the mission. Despite these challenges, the African Union has pledged to continue supporting Somalia.
Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni had previously defended the deployment, citing regional security interests and solidarity with neighboring countries. He stated that Somalia would not be abandoned, even if international partners withdrew their support. The withdrawal of Ugandan troops raises questions about the future composition of the African Union force and Somalia's ability to assume greater responsibility for national security.
The African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) was replaced by AUSSOM in 2025, which is tasked with supporting Somali security forces and facilitating the gradual transfer of security responsibilities to national institutions. African Union Commission Chairperson Mahmoud Ali Youssouf has pledged to mobilize political, diplomatic, and financial assistance to support Somalia's security transition.
The United States had initially indicated that it would not support renewing the mission's mandate at the United Nations Security Council in December. However, Washington later agreed to give the U.N. an additional 12 months to wind down its logistical support, with the drawdown expected to begin in January 2027. This development provides a temporary reprieve for the mission.
The withdrawal of Ugandan troops from Somalia marks a significant milestone in the country's transition to self-security. The African Union's continued support for Somalia is crucial in ensuring the country's stability and security. Key points include:
Key points
- The withdrawal of Ugandan troops from Somalia after 20 years marks a significant change in the African Union's security mission.
- Financial pressures and shifting international support raise questions about the future of AUSSOM.
- The African Union has pledged to continue supporting Somalia despite funding challenges.
