The concept of international security has evolved significantly over modern history. Traditionally, it was defined by military capabilities, armies, and borders. However, today's threats can arise without a soldier crossing a frontier. Fabricated videos can reach millions within hours, and cyberattacks can disrupt critical infrastructure across continents. Artificial intelligence (AI) can generate convincing text, images, and audio at an unprecedented scale and speed.
The information environment has become a critical dimension of global security, posing complex challenges for governments and societies. Democratic institutions rely on citizens having access to reliable information, but digital platforms have accelerated the spread of false and manipulated content. The consequences of disinformation extend beyond elections, shaping perceptions of conflicts, weakening public confidence in institutions, deepening social divisions, and complicating diplomatic efforts during crises.
AI could intensify these challenges by enabling a wider range of actors to conduct influence operations through generative systems. However, technology can also enhance peace and security. AI can help humanitarian organisations analyse large datasets, identify emerging risks, translate information across languages, and improve early-warning systems. Digital technologies can also expand access to education, public services, and reliable information.
The central question is not whether to use these technologies but how to govern their use. Governments, technology companies, researchers, journalists, and international organisations must develop safeguards that protect human rights while preserving the benefits of innovation. Greater transparency in automated systems, stronger content-verification mechanisms, and investment in digital and media literacy will become increasingly important.
No country can address these challenges alone, as information networks operate across borders and technological development is global. International cooperation is essential to establish common principles for responsible innovation, information integrity, and the protection of fundamental freedoms. These issues are part of the broader questions under examination in international discussions on global governance and security, including at the Paris Peace Forum.
According to Franklin Mussey, the future of peace will depend not only on preventing armed conflict but also on building resilient information environments and developing responsible technological systems. Technology is neither inherently a threat nor a solution; its consequences will ultimately depend on the institutions, rules, and values that shape its development and use.
The discussion on AI and its impact on global security is ongoing, with various stakeholders emphasising the need for responsible innovation and governance. As the world continues to navigate the complexities of AI and information security, it is clear that a collaborative approach is necessary to mitigate the risks and maximise the benefits of these technologies.
Key points
- The information environment has become a critical dimension of global security.
- AI could intensify the challenges posed by disinformation.
- International cooperation is essential to establish common principles for responsible innovation and information integrity.
