The conflict in Sudan did not begin on April 15, 2023, but rather has a long history of internal struggles and external pressures. The country's strategic location and resources have made it a target for various powers. The separation of South Sudan in 2011, US sanctions, and the political transition crisis have all contributed to the current situation. Sudan's history of conflict includes the 1997 "Operation Torrential Rain" in the south and the involvement of external powers in the region.
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the separation of South Sudan in 2011 did not bring an end to Sudan's troubles. The country has faced significant challenges, including US sanctions imposed in 2009 and the International Criminal Court's involvement. These pressures have exacerbated the country's governance crisis. In December 2018, a popular uprising led to the overthrow of the Bashir regime in April 2019, but the transition to a new government has been contentious.
The transitional period in Sudan has been marked by significant challenges, including a power struggle between the military and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The RSF's attempted coup on April 15, 2023, was thwarted by the army, but it sparked a war that threatens the country's unity and invites regional and international interventions. The conflict has resulted in significant humanitarian costs, with many lives lost and displaced.
The conflict in Sudan has also drawn in external actors, with various regional and international powers vying for influence. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's plan, unveiled on October 18, 2026, proposes a new regional alignment that includes Sudan. The plan involves the RSF and other regional actors, raising questions about the future of the country and its relationships with external powers.
The involvement of external actors in Sudan's conflict has significant implications for the country's future. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk has described the conflict as a "proxy war" driven by a desire for Sudan's resources. The conflict has also led to the exploitation of Sudan's resources, including gold, livestock, and gum arabic, by various external actors.
The humanitarian situation in Sudan is dire, with many civilians caught in the crossfire. The conflict has led to significant displacement and humanitarian needs. Efforts to address the crisis, including the Addis Ababa Declaration signed by Dr. Abdullah Hamdok and RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Daglo on January 2, 2024, aim to establish a framework for peace and stability.
The future of Sudan remains uncertain, with various scenarios possible. The country's strategic location and resources make it an important player in regional and international affairs. To move forward, Sudan needs a comprehensive strategy that addresses the root causes of the conflict and promotes national reconciliation and stability.
Key points
- The conflict in Sudan is driven by a complex web of internal and external factors.
- External actors are seeking to exploit Sudan's resources and influence its future.
- A comprehensive strategy is needed to address the root causes of the conflict and promote national reconciliation and stability.
