Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi bacteria, can be spread through contaminated food and water. This makes it essential to treat drinking water properly, especially when the source is unknown. Simply collecting and storing water at home does not make it safe to drink, as it can become contaminated at its source, during transportation, or while being stored. Households can take simple steps to make drinking water safer.
Boiling is one of the simplest ways to kill germs in drinking water. If unsure about the water's safety, bring it to a rolling boil and keep it boiling for at least one minute. A rolling boil means the water is bubbling strongly and continuously. For most households, one minute of vigorous boiling is enough, while at very high altitudes, water should be boiled for three minutes.
Boiling can kill many germs but does not remove dirt, sand, and other particles from water. If the water is cloudy, allow it to stand until the particles settle, then carefully pour the clearer water into another clean container without disturbing the sediment at the bottom. Alternatively, pass the water through a clean cloth or a suitable household water filter, then boil it properly before drinking.
Using a clean container is crucial after purifying water to prevent re-contamination. Wash the container properly with soap and clean water, then rinse it thoroughly before filling it. The container should be made from a material safe for drinking water, and never use a container that previously held fuel, pesticides, chemicals, or other harmful substances.
Keeping purified water covered is vital to protect it from further contamination. Store it in a clean container with a tight-fitting lid, as leaving treated water uncovered can allow dust, insects, and other contaminants to enter. A container with a narrow opening or tap can be useful as it reduces the need to dip cups or hands into the stored water.
Even properly boiled or disinfected water can become unsafe if handled carelessly. Avoid putting hands directly into stored drinking water and dipping used cups, spoons, or other dirty utensils into it. Instead, use a clean cup or a tap when taking water from the container, particularly in households where several people use the same water supply.
Regular cleaning of water storage containers and household water tanks is essential to maintain water quality. Wash containers regularly with soap and clean water, then rinse them properly before refilling. Keep the tank covered, protect its openings, inspect it regularly, and clean it when necessary to prevent contamination.
Key points
- Boiling water is an effective way to kill germs, but it may not remove particles or chemical contaminants.
- Using clean containers and keeping purified water covered can prevent re-contamination.
- Regular cleaning of water storage containers and tanks helps maintain water quality.
