Severe Dehydration Warning Issued for Nigeria as Dry Season Approaches

As Nigeria enters its dry season, nephrologists are issuing a warning about the dangers of severe dehydration, which can lead to acute kidney injury. According to specialists, severe dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, often due to excessive heat, sweating, prolonged diarrhoea, vomiting, or severe bleeding. This can impair kidney function, and experts are urging Nigerians to drink enough fluids to stay hydrated.

Nephrologists are advising Nigerians to "obey their thirst" by drinking water regularly, avoiding unnecessary medications, and seeking immediate medical care if they experience severe vomiting, heavy bleeding, or diminished urine output. Professor Jacob Awobusuyi, a leading nephrologist, highlighted that severe dehydration can harm kidney function by reducing blood flow. He noted that conditions such as cholera or significant blood loss from accidents can also cause acute kidney injury.

The warning comes as Nigeria experiences extreme heat driven by the El Niño weather pattern, posing significant public health risks. Awobusuyi recommends drinking about two to three litres of water daily for healthy adults and stresses the importance of rehydrating after physical activities. He also cautions against relying on sugary or carbonated drinks to satisfy thirst, as they can exacerbate dehydration.

Dr Zumnan Gimba, another consultant nephrologist, echoed these sentiments, noting that inadequate fluid intake can lead to kidney malfunction and acute kidney injury, especially during rapid or severe dehydration. He explained that while kidney damage can be reversible if treated early, chronic kidney disease often results in permanent damage. Gimba highlighted that young children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to dehydration-related kidney problems.

Gimba urged everyone to take their thirst seriously, as it is a clear sign of the need for more water. He warned that rapid fluid loss could occur through persistent vomiting, diarrhoea, or extreme heat. Pregnant women facing severe vomiting or complications during childbirth are also at risk, as are individuals suffering from burns or taking specific medications.

Nephrologists emphasised that acute kidney injury can be reversible if detected and treated promptly, but delayed treatment may lead to serious complications, including the accumulation of toxins in the body, breathing difficulties, unconsciousness, or even death. They stress the importance of maintaining fluid intake as temperatures rise, suggesting that adults aim for about three litres of fluid daily, mostly in the form of water.

The nephrologists' warning highlights the need for Nigerians to be aware of the risks associated with severe dehydration and to take proactive steps to stay hydrated. By drinking enough water and seeking medical care when necessary, individuals can reduce their risk of acute kidney injury and other dehydration-related health problems. Key points include drinking at least two to three litres of water daily, avoiding sugary or carbonated drinks, and seeking medical care if symptoms of severe dehydration occur.

Key points

• Drinking enough water is crucial to preventing severe dehydration and acute kidney injury.
• Young children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to dehydration-related kidney problems.
• Acute kidney injury can be reversible if detected and treated promptly.