The Federal Medical Centre (FMC) in Abuja, Nigeria, has warned that the country may experience an increase in human-reptile encounters due to the El Niño weather phenomenon. Professor Saad Aliyu Ahmed, the Medical Director of FMC Abuja, has advised Nigerians to keep their surroundings clean and seek immediate medical attention after snakebites. He made this call in an interview in Abuja, highlighting the potential risks associated with the changing environmental conditions.
According to Professor Ahmed, the changing environmental conditions associated with El Niño could affect the natural habitats of reptiles, forcing snakes to move in search of cooler environments and bringing them into closer contact with humans. He disclosed that FMC Abuja had recorded 11 snakebite cases so far in 2026, with cases reported almost every month, including three in August and two in October. This trend is expected to continue, and the medical director is urging Nigerians to be vigilant.
Professor Ahmed attributed some snake encounters to indiscriminate waste disposal, poor environmental sanitation, and unplanned residential development, which create hiding places for reptiles. He emphasized that if surroundings are kept clean and well-planned, reptiles will have no chance of living in that area. The medical director advised residents to keep their surroundings clean, avoid indiscriminate storage of materials around their homes, and remain vigilant, particularly in areas where reptiles are commonly found.
In the event of a snakebite, Professor Ahmed stressed that victims should be taken to the nearest health facility immediately, preferably within 15 to 30 minutes, to improve their chances of survival. He explained that different snake species produce different types of venom, some of which attack the nervous system and can cause respiratory failure, while others destroy red blood cells, resulting in internal bleeding and multiple organ failure.
FMC Abuja has adequate supplies of polyvalent anti-snake venom, sourced through the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, to manage different types of snakebites. However, Professor Ahmed warned that delays in accessing medical treatment could undermine the effectiveness of anti-snake venom once the venom has caused significant damage to vital organs. This highlights the importance of prompt medical attention in the event of a snakebite.
The medical director also addressed the increasing cases of scorpion bites, explaining that scorpion venom can trigger severe pain and potentially life-threatening allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock. He urged victims to seek prompt medical attention rather than rely solely on traditional remedies. Professor Ahmed called for increased public awareness and research into locally produced anti-snake venom.
Finally, Professor Ahmed advised Nigerians to take precautions to prevent dehydration and heatstroke during the El Niño weather phenomenon. He recommended wearing light clothing, drinking sufficient water, avoiding prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, and seeking shelter during periods of intense heat. By taking these precautions and being aware of the potential risks, Nigerians can reduce their chances of encountering reptiles and minimize the risks associated with snakebites and other heat-related health emergencies.
Key points
- FMC Abuja has recorded 11 snakebite cases in 2026, with cases reported almost every month.
