The relationship between children, adolescents, and digital screens has undergone a significant transformation in recent years. Mobile phones, social media, video games, educational platforms, and messaging services have become integral to how new generations learn, communicate, entertain themselves, and build relationships. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted this shift, noting that digital environments increasingly influence the health and development of children and young people.
On July 1, 2026, the WHO published a commentary warning that while digital tools offer benefits, certain forms of usage can pose risks to children's well-being. The organization mentioned social media, online video games, and new artificial intelligence-based tools as examples of digital environments that require attention. The WHO emphasized that the issue is not just about the amount of time spent in front of screens but also about the activities, content, and interactions that take place during that time.
The WHO avoids portraying technology as an exclusively negative phenomenon, acknowledging that digital tools can expand learning, communication, and access to services, particularly for children in areas with limited opportunities. However, the challenge lies in ensuring that these benefits are accompanied by suitable environments that protect and promote the development of minors. UNICEF has also prioritized the digital safety of children, highlighting the need for attention to this issue.
UNICEF's report, "Through Children's Eyes," published in September 2026, examined child exploitation and abuse facilitated by digital technologies in 21 countries, including six African nations: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Although Equatorial Guinea was not part of the study, the findings provide a broader context for the debate. The digital environment transcends national borders, with the same platforms, social media, and online interactions present in diverse societies.
The UNICEF report estimated that around 20 million children aged 12-17 in the studied countries experienced some form of exploitation or abuse during a year. The organization warned that the consequences can extend to emotional well-being, education, and social relationships. In addition to these risks, children and adolescents may face cyberbullying, exposure to inappropriate content, social pressure, loss of privacy, and excessive device use.
UNICEF noted that social media can provide learning, connection, and entertainment, but also poses risks if not used responsibly. The organization emphasized the need for a comprehensive approach to address the challenges associated with digital exposure, including education, parental guidance, and policy development. By understanding the benefits and risks of digital technologies, stakeholders can work together to create safer and healthier online environments for children and adolescents.
The debate on digital exposure and its impact on children and adolescents' health and social relations is ongoing. As digital technologies continue to evolve, it is essential to prioritize the well-being and safety of young people. By acknowledging the complexities of this issue and working collaboratively, stakeholders can promote healthy digital habits, protect children from harm, and ensure that the benefits of technology are equitably distributed.
Key points
- The WHO and UNICEF have emphasized the need for attention to the impact of digital exposure on children's health and social relations.
- Digital technologies can offer benefits, such as expanded learning and communication opportunities, but also pose risks, including exploitation, abuse, and cyberbullying.
- A comprehensive approach, including education, parental guidance, and policy development, is necessary to address the challenges associated with digital exposure.
